“O Youth, illumined by the arts and letters, Stride forth into the
arena, break down the heavy fetters that bind your genius down, for in These
topic regions were untutored darkness Once held sway, the wise and kindly Spanish
Hand bestows today a splendid crown Upon the native of this Eastern land.” ---
Jose Rizal
Fortunately,
Rizal’s tragic first romance, with its bitter disillusionment, did not
adversely affect his studies in the University of Santo Tomas. His love for higher
education proved to be greater than his love for a pretty girl.
In April, 1877,
Rizal, who was then nearly 16 years old, matriculated in the University of
Santo Tomas, taking Philosophy and Letters. He enrolled in this course for two
reasons: 1. His father liked it and 2. He was still “Uncertain as to what
career to follow.” He had written to the Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of
Ateneo, who had been good to him during his student days in that college,
asking for advice on the choice of career. Unfortunately, the Father Rector was
in the Mindanao and during those days it took several months foe a letter to
travel between Manila and Mindanao. Consequently, during his first year term
(1877-79) in the UST, he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History
of Philosophy.
It
was during the following school term (1878-1879) that Rizal took up medicine,
enrolling simultaneously in the preparatory medical course and the regular
first year medical course. The reasons why he studied medicine were: (1) he
wanted to be a physician so that he might cure his mother’s failing eyesight
and (2) the Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of Ateneo, whom he consulted for
a choice of career, finally answered his letter, recommending medicine.
Romances with Other Girls
Notwithstanding
his academic studies in the University of Santo Tomas and extracurricular
activities in the Ateneo, Rizal had ample time for love. He was a romantic
dreamer who liked to sip the “nectar of love.” His sad experience with his
first love had made him wiser in the ways of romance.
Shortly
after losing Segunda Katigbak, he paid court to a young woman in Calamba. In
his memoirs, he called her simply Miss L, describing her as “fair with
seductive and attractive eyes.” After visiting her in her house several times,
he suddenly stopped his wooing, and the romance died a natural death.
Several
months later, during his sophomore year at the University of Santo Tomas, he
boarded in the house of Doña Concha Leyva in Intramuros. The next door
neighbors of Doña Concha were Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela,
parents of a charming girl named Leonor. Rizal, the medical student from
Calamba, was a welcomed visitor in the Valenzuela home, where he was the life
of the social parties because of his clever sleight-of-hand tricks. He courted
Leonor Valenzuela, who was a tall girl, “almost as tall as Jose himself,” and
had a regal bearing. He sent her over love notes written in invisible ink. This
ink consisted of common table salt and water. It left no trace on the paper.
Rizal, who knew his chemistry, taught Orang(pet name of Leonor Valenzuela) the
secret of reading any note written in the invisible ink by heating it over a
candle or lamp so that the lettering may appear. But as with Segunda, he
stopped short of proposing marriage to Orang.
Rizal’s
next romance was with another Leonor- Leonor Rivera- his cousin from Camiling.
In 1879, the start of his junior year at the University, he lived in “Casa
Tomasina,” a boarding house managed by his Uncle, Antonio Rivera, at No. 6
Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros. His landlord-uncle had a pretty daughter,
Leonor, a student at La Concordia College, where Soledad(Rizal’s younger
sister) was then studying. Leonor, born in Camiling, Tarlac, on April 11, 1876,
was a frail, beautiful, “tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes.”
Between Jose and Leonor sprang a tenderly beautiful romance. They became
engaged. In her letters to Rizal, Leonor signed her name as “Taimis,” in order
to hide their intimate relationship from their parents and friends.
Victim of
Spanish Officer’s Brutality
When
Rizal was a freshman medical student at the University of Santo Tomas, he got
his first taste of Spanish brutality. One dark night in Calamba, during his
summer vacation in 1880, he was walking in the street. He dimly perceived the
figure of a man while passing him. Not knowing the person due to darkness, he
did not salute or say a courteous “Good Evening.” The vague figure was a
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil. With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped
out a sword and brutally slashed the later on the back.
The
wound was not serious, but it was painful. When he recovered, Rizal reported
the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor-General of the
Philippines at that time. But nothing came out of his complaint, because he was
an indio, and the abusive lieutenant was a Spaniard. In a letter to
Blumentritt, dated March 21, 1887, he related: “I went to the Captain-General
but I could not obtain any Justice; my wound lasted two weeks.
TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879)
-Literary contest by
Artistico-Literario (Artisitic- Literary
Lyceum)
- Rizal, 18 years old, submitted
his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)
- The first prize, a feather
shaped, gold ribbon decorated silver pen was given to Rizal
- In the poem, Rizal beseeched
the Filipino to rise from lethargy, to
let their genius fly swifter than the wind and descend with art science to break the
chains that have long bound the spirit of the people.
- The poem is a classic. Two
reasons:
ØIt was the
first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino whose merit was recognized by
Spanish literary authorities
ØIt expressed
for the first time the nationalistic concept that
the Filipinos and not the foreigners were the “fair hope of the Fatherland.”
THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880)
Another literary contest by the
Artistic-Literary Lyceum to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of
Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.
Manuel De Cervantes – Spain’s
glorified man of letter
- Rizal submitted an allegorical
drama, El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
- The allegory was based on
Greek classics
- Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo
in securing the needed reference materials
- The contest was participated by priest,
laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and scholars.
- Rizal won the first price; he
received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes.
- D.N. Del Puzo – a Spanish writer won the 2nd
price
OTHER LITERARY WORKS
1879: Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
A
poem, declaimed by an Atenean, manuel Fernandez on December 8, 1879 in honor of
the Ateneo’s Patroness
1880: Junto al Pasig (Beside
the Pasig)
A
zarzuela, staged by the Ateneans on December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of
the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as
President of the Academy of Spanish Literature
1880: A Filipinas
A
sonnet, for the album of the Society of Sculptors .Rizal urged all
Filipino artist to glorify the Philippines
1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon
A
poem, an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo rector
RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND
PAGSANJAN
May 1881 - Jose, along with his
sisters Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and female friends went on a pilgrimate
to Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
- They boarded a casco
(a flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna
- They stayed at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend in Manila
- The company witnessed the
famous turumba, the people dancing in honor of the miraculous Birhen
Maria de los Dolores
- Rizal was infatuated by
Vicenta Ybardolaza . She was skillful in playing the harp at the Regalado home
- Rizal and his party then
went to Pagsanjan for two reasons
Ø
It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
- There were frequent
student brawls between the Filipinos and the Spaniards
- 1880: Rizal founded Companerismo
(Comradeship), a secret society of
Filipino UST students. The members were called “Companions of Jehu”.
- He was the chief of the
society.
- His cousin, Galicano Apacible
was the secretary.
- In one of the skirmishes,
Rizal was wounded on the head. His friends brought him to Casa Tomasina where Leonor Rivera took care of
him.
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
Rizal
was unhappy in the Dominican institution because:
Ø
The Dominican professors were hostile to him
Ø
The Filipino students were racially
discriminated against by the Spaniards
Ø
The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
He
failed to win high scholastic honors due to the attitude of his professors.
DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing the fourth year of his medical
course.
The people who approved this are the following:
Ø
His older brother Paciano
Ø
His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia
Ø
Uncle Antonio Rivera
Ø
The Valenzuela family
Ø
Some friends
The people who did not know of his decision are the following:
Ø
Rizal’s parents
Ø
Leonor Rivera
Ø
Spanish authorities
36 (mga) komento:
mas lalo ko tuloy gustong mag-aral sa UST
Romances with other Girls..hehe :) Rizal yan eh
ang gwapo siguro ni Rizal daming babae :P
yun talga una natin nakita eh no yung romances with other girls hehe
is he gay?? joke. hero not by the war but also to the students.
kahit ngayon yata nangyayari sa mga estudyante yung nangyari kay Rizal. for example, yung attitude ng professors nakakaapekto sa performance ng students.
haha nakakatuwa yung evolution ng mukha niya.
unbelievable.
Rizal eh! Nice one :D
two thumbs up.
nice.
tunay na modelo para sa mga makabagong kabataan ngayon.
galing ni rizal!!!
make some noise madlang pipol
oh ayan kaya wag sisihin ang mga kalalakihan na magaling sa babae may pinagmanahan :P :P :) :)
#but anyway very helpful tong info. na to sa demo. ko tomorrow
thank you for the information.i could also use this. :))
grabeh pang telenovela lang... ang galing ng ating hero ...idol ko ang mga talento nya .. astig talaga..
di ba may naging girlfriend si rizal sa abroad na ang last name ay hitler,bakit hindi nakalagay.
leonor rivera's birth year is 1867, not 1876 ...typo lang nman
nice work
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